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The Tel al-Zaatar battle ((アラビア語:مذبحة تل الزعتر)) took place during the Lebanese Civil War on August 12, 1976. Tel al-Zaatar (The Hill of Thyme) was a UNRWA administered Palestinian Refugee camp housing approximately 50,000-60,000 refugees in northeast Beirut.〔Lisa Suhair Majaj, Paula W. Sunderman, and Therese Saliba Intersections Syracuse University Press ISBN 0815629516 p 156〕〔Samir Khalaf, Philip Shukry Khoury (1993) Recovering Beirut: Urban Design and Post-war Reconstruction BRILL, ISBN 9004099115 p 253〕〔Younis, Mona (2000) Liberation and Democratization: The South African and Palestinian National Movements University of Minnesota Press, ISBN 0816633002 p 221〕 ==Background== With the breakdown in authority of the Lebanese government the militancy of radical faction increased.〔 After, Guardians of the Cedars and Tiger militia forces took control of the Karantina district on 18 January 1976 by committing a massacre known as the Karantina Massacre.〔Karantina massacre#cite note-H1500-6〕 On 4 January 1976, a thin cordon was established around the camp by 300 fighters from the Al-Tanzim and 100 fighters from the Maroun Khoury Group in an effort to contain the Palestinians. The Maroun Khoury Group was a Dikwaneh based militia. One road was left open to allow Palestinian evacuation towards Aley but the Palestinians refused to enter into dialogue with the Lebanese Front. Ahrar forces surrounded and attacked Jisr al Basha and Kataeb and Guardian of the Cedars troops engaged the adjacent, mainly Shiite, area of Nabaa, which contained large numbers of leftist forces. The Battle for the Camps had started and was the final showdown between the Palestinian militias and the Lebanese Front in Beirut. It was one of the hardest battles fought during the war. Syria put itself forwards as a "mediator" on the basis of historic claims.〔Kissinger, Henry (1999) Years of Renewal Simon Schuster, ISBN 1-84212-042-5 p 1022〕 Syrian forces with As-Sa'iqa units were intervening on behalf of hard presses right-wing militias by April. The influence of Syria led to the election of Elias Sarkis.〔Yair Evron (1987) ''War and Intervention in Lebanon: The Israeli-Syrian Deterrence Dialogue'' Routledge, ISBN 0709914512 p 13〕 By the first week of June, Syrian forces had applied a blockade of West Beirut, a predominantly Muslim section that contained the Palestinian headquarters, leaving only the southern route open.〔Amal Kawar (1996) ''Daughters of Palestine: Leading Women of the Palestinian National Movement'' SUNY Press, ISBN 0791428451 p 65〕〔Walid Kazziha (1979) ''Palestine in the Arab dilemma'' Taylor & Francis, ISBN 0856648647 p 54〕 From 22 June the Phalangist forces, many Christian residents of Ras el-Dekweneh and Mansouriye controlled by Maroun Khoury with Syrian backing intensified the blockade to a full-scale military assault that lasted 35 days.〔〔 The Lebanese right-wing militias had laid siege to the refugee camp for 3 months. When the camp fell, the Palestinian deaths numbered in the thousands.〔http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,926327-2,00.html〕 The besieging militia's loss was around 200 armed men. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tel al-Zaatar massacre」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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